Monday, December 31, 2007

Give me my 2nd CPU back!

I logged into a server which has been put into production recently and has been running for over 100 days now. It's HP DL380 G4 server running Solaris 10 11/06. By looking into graphs I could see 50% of CPU utilization in a system for last 2 weeks. By using mpstat I could see 100% CPU utilization on CPU 1 in SYS (kernel). The outcome was that cpu 1 was not available for applications. As there's not much load yet prstat didn't show anything consuming cpu. I quickly checked different server, exactly the same spec, and everything was fine there. Nothing in logs either.

So lets dtrace! :)


# mpstat 1
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 3 0 0 419 218 191 0 0 24 0 25 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 10 0 0 649 309 347 0 0 25 0 174 0 2 0 98
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 2 0 0 651 313 366 11 0 22 0 193 8 2 0 90
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 0 870 453 563 0 0 26 0 174 0 2 0 98
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 100 0 0
^C
#

All we can see on cpu 1 is that there are some interrupts but no csw/icsw/syscl/migr at all.
It looks like it's stuck entirely in kernel.
To confirm that nothing from user space is actually calling some system calls:

# dtrace -n sched:::on-cpu'/cpu == 1/{self->t=timestamp;}' \
-n sched:::off-cpu'/self->t/{@[execname,pid]=sum(timestamp-self->t);self->t=0;}' \
-n tick-2s'{printa(@);}'
dtrace: description 'sched:::on-cpu' matched 3 probes
dtrace: description 'sched:::off-cpu' matched 3 probes
dtrace: description 'tick-2s' matched 1 probe
CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME
0 42146 :tick-2s

0 42146 :tick-2s

^C

#

So nothing was put by scheduler on cpu 1.

Lets check what's running in kernel on cpu 0 first (for comparison with cpu 1 later):

# dtrace -n profile-101'/cpu == 0/{@[stack()]=count();}' -n tick-5s'{printa(@);exit(0);}'
dtrace: description 'profile-101' matched 1 probe
dtrace: description 'tick-5s' matched 1 probe
CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME
0 42148 :tick-5s

unix`ddi_get16+0x10
genunix`callout_execute+0xd6
genunix`taskq_thread+0xbc
unix`thread_start+0x8
1

unix`ddi_io_put16+0x10
genunix`callout_execute+0xd6
genunix`taskq_thread+0xbc
unix`thread_start+0x8
1

unix`_sys_sysenter_post_swapgs+0xab
1

2

unix`cpu_halt+0xb2
unix`idle+0x89
unix`thread_start+0x8
496


#

So in 99% it's being IDLE.
Now lets do the same for CPU 1.

# dtrace -n profile-101'/cpu == 1/{@[stack()]=count();}' -n tick-5s'{printa(@);exit(0);}'
dtrace: description 'profile-101' matched 1 probe
dtrace: description 'tick-5s' matched 1 probe
CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME
0 42148 :tick-5s

[...]

unix`bcopy+0x14
usba`usba_vlog+0xc7
usba`usb_dprintf2+0xa4
uhci`uhci_intr+0x14c
unix`av_dispatch_autovect+0x78
unix`intr_thread+0x50
7

unix`ddi_get16+0x10
uhci`uhci_isoc_update_sw_frame_number+0x9
uhci`uhci_intr+0xce
unix`av_dispatch_autovect+0x78
unix`intr_thread+0x50
78

unix`ddi_io_put16+0x10
unix`av_dispatch_autovect+0x78
unix`intr_thread+0x50
127

unix`ddi_get16+0x10
unix`av_dispatch_autovect+0x78
unix`intr_thread+0x50
190


#


Above output confirms we're stuck in some interrupt, probably related to usb.

[checking cvs.opensolaris.org for usba_vlog function]

# dtrace -n fbt:usba:usba_vlog:entry'{@[stringof arg3]=count();}' -n tick-5s'{exit(0);}'
dtrace: description 'fbt:usba:usba_vlog:entry' matched 1 probe
dtrace: description 'tick-5s' matched 1 probe
CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME
0 42148 :tick-5s

uhci_intr: Controller halted 720725
#

http://cvs.opensolaris.org/source/xref/onnv/onnv-gate/usr/src/uts/common/io/usb/hcd/uhci/uhci.c#893
887 /*
888 * This should not occur. It occurs only if a HC controller
889 * experiences internal problem.
890 */
891 if (intr_status & USBSTS_REG_HC_HALTED) {
892 USB_DPRINTF_L2(PRINT_MASK_INTR, uhcip->uhci_log_hdl,
893 "uhci_intr: Controller halted");
894 cmd_reg = Get_OpReg16(USBCMD);
895 Set_OpReg16(USBCMD, (cmd_reg | USBCMD_REG_HC_RUN));
896 }

I'm not sure how bad it is but it doesn't look good.

Lets look around for USB.

# cfgadm -al
Ap_Id Type Receptacle Occupant Condition
usb0/1 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb0/2 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb1/1 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb1/2 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb2/1 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb2/2 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb3/1 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb3/2 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/1 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/2 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/3 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/4 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/5 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/6 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/7 unknown empty unconfigured ok
usb4/8 unknown empty unconfigured ok

# mpstat 1
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 3 0 0 419 218 191 0 0 24 0 25 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 10 0 0 666 311 363 3 0 17 0 176 0 2 0 98
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 0 678 315 360 0 0 23 0 159 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0
^C

Didn't help.

# modinfo |grep -i usb
83 fffffffff01c1000 14000 56 1 ehci (USB EHCI Driver 1.14)
84 fffffffff01d5000 28dd8 - 1 usba (USBA: USB Architecture 2.0 1.59)
85 fffffffff01fd000 c6d8 58 1 uhci (USB UHCI Controller Driver 1.47)


# devfsadm -vC
# mpstat 1
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 3 0 0 419 218 191 0 0 24 0 25 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 10 0 0 664 315 363 0 0 23 0 181 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 0 947 501 694 1 0 26 0 279 0 2 0 98
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 51 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 0 650 307 356 0 0 25 0 175 1 1 0 98
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 100 0 0
^C

Still didn't help.

# modunload -i 84
can't unload the module: Device busy
# modunload -i 85
can't unload the module: Device busy
# modunload -i 83
can't unload the module: Device busy
# modunload -i 84
can't unload the module: Device busy
# modunload -i 85
can't unload the module: Device busy
# cfgadm -al
cfgadm: Configuration administration not supported

# modinfo |grep -i usb
83 fffffffff01c1000 14000 56 1 ehci (USB EHCI Driver 1.14)
84 fffffffff01d5000 28dd8 - 1 usba (USBA: USB Architecture 2.0 1.59)
85 fffffffff01fd000 c6d8 58 1 uhci (USB UHCI Controller Driver 1.47)
#

# mpstat 1
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 3 0 0 419 218 191 0 0 24 0 25 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 100 0 0
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 0 737 453 337 1 40 5 0 187 0 1 0 99
1 10 0 0 164 0 323 1 36 6 0 110 0 1 0 99
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 0 526 310 221 0 26 0 0 102 0 0 0 100
1 0 0 0 92 0 149 0 27 0 0 64 0 0 0 100
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 0 0 1 520 308 203 0 21 0 0 93 1 0 0 99
1 0 0 0 100 0 168 1 29 3 0 90 0 1 0 99
^C

# dtrace -n fbt:usba:usba_vlog:entry'{@[stringof arg3]=count();}' -n tick-5s'{exit(0);}'
dtrace: description 'fbt:usba:usba_vlog:entry' matched 1 probe
dtrace: description 'tick-5s' matched 1 probe
CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME
1 42148 :tick-5s

#

That's much better - both CPUs are IDLE now.
Looks like some problem with USB device/driver.

ps. I wonder what intrstat(1M) would show - "unfortunately" the problem gone...

Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Simple Java Math Performance on Niagara 2

Yet another test. This time I run a simple Java program which does very basic arithmetic calculations - see details at the bottom of this post. Nothing really sophisticated.







Details:
http://www.osnews.com/story.php/5602/Nine-Language-Performance-Round-up-Benchmarking-Math-and-File-IO//page3
http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~cowell/research/benchmark/code/Benchmark.java
javac -g:none Benchmark.java ; java -server Benchmark

v440 4x1GHz USIIIi, Solaris 10U4, Java 1.5.0_12
T2000 8-core 1.2GHz Niagara-1, Solaris 10U4, Java 1.5.0_12
Niagara-2 8-core 1.4GHz, Solaris 10U4, Java 1.5.0_12

Sysbench CPU test: gcc vs. cc

Yet another test with Sysbench I did some time ago. This time please notice how big the difference is on both platform when Sysbench is compiled using Sun's Studio 12 (cc) compiler vs. gcc. I guess that tweaking parameters in gcc could get it closer...
Anyway, here is a graph.



Please notice that Niagara-2 cc results are for all N values. With N=32,64,128 total time is about 0.2-0.3s so you can't see it on graph.

In previous test (Sysbench's Memory test - there's basicaly no difference between gcc and cc).

Details:
./sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=2000 --num-threads=N run

v440 4x1GHz USIIIi
Niagara-2 8-core 1.4GHz
gcc -O2 or -O3 or defaults from configure - the same results
cc -fast

Sysbench Memory Test on Niagara


Another tests I did some time ago...

Details:
./sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=16K --memory-scope=global --memory-total-size=100G --memory-oper=write --num-threads=N run

v440 4x1GHz USIIIi
Niagara-2 8-core 1.4GHz

Tuesday, December 11, 2007

OpenSSL RSA1024 performance on Niagara-2

Niagara-2 8-core 1.4GHz
v440 4x 1GHz USIIIi

Now lets looks at CPU usage on both hosts.




As expected - on a 4 CPU v440 with N=4 we're utilizing 100% CPU, while on Niagara-2 we're getting 7x the performance with about 10% CPU utilization.
With N=32 we're getting over 30x the performance of v440 while still utilizing only about 50% of CPU.

Please also note, that while v440 does not have an SSL accelerator I still used PKCS11 - it's because algorithms used in PKCS11 libraries produce much better results than built-in OpenSSL ones (thanks to tuning done by Sun).