The new feature is supposed to make disk resilvering (disk replacement, hot-spare synchronization, etc.) much faster. It achieves it by reading ahead some meta data first and then by trying to read the data to be resilvered in a sequential manner. And it does work!
Here is a real world case, with real data - over 150mln different sized files, most relatively small. Many of them were deleted, new were written, etc. so I expect that the data is already fragmented in the pool. The server is Sun/Oracle x4-2l with 26x 1.2TB 2.5" 10k SAS disks. The 24 disks in front are presented in a pass-thru mode and managed by ZFS, configured as 3 RAID-Z pools, the other 2 disks in rear are configured in RADI-1 in the raid controller and used for OS. A disk in one of the pools failed, and hot-spare automatically attached:
# zpool status -x
pool: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-0
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered. The pool will
continue to function in a degraded state.
action: Wait for the resilver to complete.
Run 'zpool status -v' to see device specific details.
scan: resilver in progress since Fri Dec 12 21:02:58 2014
3.60T scanned
45.9G resilvered at 342M/s, 9.96% done, 2h45m to go
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
raidz1-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
spare-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0 UNAVAIL 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0 DEGRADED 0 0 0 (resilvering)
c0t5000CCA01D5BF56Cd0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5E91B0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5F9B00d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5E87E4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5E95B0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D5F8244d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t5000CCA01D58B3A4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
spares
c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0 INUSE
c0t5000CCA01D5E1E3Cd0 AVAIL
errors: No known data errors
Let's see I/O statistics for the involved disks:
# iostat -xnC 1 | egrep "device| c0$|c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0|c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0..."
...
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
16651.6 503.9 478461.6 69423.4 0.2 26.3 0.0 1.5 1 19 c0
2608.5 0.0 70280.3 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.6 3 36 c0t5000CCA01D5E95B0d0
2582.5 0.0 66708.5 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.7 3 39 c0t5000CCA01D5F9B00d0
2272.6 0.0 68571.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 1.3 2 50 c0t5000CCA01D5E91B0d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0
0.0 503.9 0.0 69423.8 0.0 9.7 0.0 19.3 2 100 c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0
2503.5 0.0 66508.4 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.8 3 41 c0t5000CCA01D58B3A4d0
2324.5 0.0 67093.8 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.9 3 44 c0t5000CCA01D5F8244d0
2285.5 0.0 69192.3 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 1.0 2 45 c0t5000CCA01D5E87E4d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5E1E3Cd0
1997.6 0.0 70006.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 1.6 2 54 c0t5000CCA01D5BF56Cd0
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
25150.8 624.9 499295.4 73559.8 0.2 33.7 0.0 1.3 1 22 c0
3436.4 0.0 68455.3 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.9 2 51 c0t5000CCA01D5E95B0d0
3477.4 0.0 71893.7 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.9 3 48 c0t5000CCA01D5F9B00d0
3784.4 0.0 72370.6 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.9 3 56 c0t5000CCA01D5E91B0d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0
0.0 624.9 0.0 73559.8 0.0 9.4 0.0 15.1 2 100 c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0
3170.5 0.0 72167.9 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 1.1 2 55 c0t5000CCA01D58B3A4d0
3881.4 0.0 72870.8 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.8 3 55 c0t5000CCA01D5F8244d0
4252.3 0.0 70709.1 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.8 3 53 c0t5000CCA01D5E87E4d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5E1E3Cd0
3063.5 0.0 70380.1 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 1.3 2 60 c0t5000CCA01D5BF56Cd0
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
17190.2 523.6 502346.2 56121.6 0.2 31.0 0.0 1.8 1 18 c0
2342.7 0.0 71913.8 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 1.2 3 43 c0t5000CCA01D5E95B0d0
2306.7 0.0 72312.9 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 1.3 3 43 c0t5000CCA01D5F9B00d0
2642.1 0.0 68822.9 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 1.1 3 45 c0t5000CCA01D5E91B0d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0
0.0 523.6 0.0 56121.2 0.0 9.3 0.0 17.8 1 100 c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0
2257.7 0.0 71946.9 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 1.4 2 44 c0t5000CCA01D58B3A4d0
2668.2 0.0 72685.4 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 1.1 3 43 c0t5000CCA01D5F8244d0
2236.6 0.0 71829.5 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 1.5 3 47 c0t5000CCA01D5E87E4d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5E1E3Cd0
2695.2 0.0 72395.4 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 1.2 3 45 c0t5000CCA01D5BF56Cd0
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
31265.3 578.9 342935.3 53825.1 0.2 18.3 0.0 0.6 1 15 c0
3748.0 0.0 48255.8 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.4 2 42 c0t5000CCA01D5E95B0d0
4367.0 0.0 47278.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.3 2 35 c0t5000CCA01D5F9B00d0
4706.1 0.0 50982.6 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.3 3 37 c0t5000CCA01D5E91B0d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0
0.0 578.9 0.0 53824.8 0.0 9.7 0.0 16.8 1 100 c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0
4094.1 0.0 48077.3 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.3 2 35 c0t5000CCA01D58B3A4d0
5030.1 0.0 47700.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 3 33 c0t5000CCA01D5F8244d0
4939.9 0.0 52671.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 3 33 c0t5000CCA01D5E87E4d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5E1E3Cd0
4380.1 0.0 47969.9 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.3 3 36 c0t5000CCA01D5BF56Cd0
^C
These are pretty amazing numbers for RAID-Z - and the only reason why a single disk drive can do so many thousands reads per second is that most of them have to be very almost ideally sequential.
From time to time I see even more amazing numbers:
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
73503.1 3874.0 53807.0 19166.6 0.3 9.8 0.0 0.1 1 16 c0
9534.8 0.0 6859.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 4 30 c0t5000CCA01D5E95B0d0
9475.7 0.0 6969.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 4 30 c0t5000CCA01D5F9B00d0
9646.9 0.0 7176.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 3 31 c0t5000CCA01D5E91B0d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5EAE50d0
0.0 3478.6 0.0 18040.0 0.0 5.1 0.0 1.5 2 98 c0t5000CCA01D5EED34d0
8213.4 0.0 6908.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 3 38 c0t5000CCA01D58B3A4d0
9671.9 0.0 6860.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 3 30 c0t5000CCA01D5F8244d0
8572.7 0.0 6830.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 3 35 c0t5000CCA01D5E87E4d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c0t5000CCA01D5E1E3Cd0
18387.8 0.0 12203.5 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 7 57 c0t5000CCA01D5BF56Cd0
It is really good to see the new feature work so well in practice.
This feature is what makes RAID-Z much more usable in many production environments.
The other feature which complements this one and also makes RAID-Z much more practical to use is: RAID-Z/mirror hybrid allocator introduced in Solaris 11 (pool version 29). It makes accessing meta-data in RAID-Z much faster.
Both features are only available in Oracle Solaris 11 and not in OpenZFS deriviates.
Although OpenZFS has its own interesting new features as well.
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